Predefined Mass Types - Process Code¶

The program contains several predefined mass types for process code that simplify tunnel design work.

These mass types serve as a starting point for calculations in tunnel projects. It is important to note that these standard mass types may not necessarily cover all specific combinations that may occur in various projects. It may therefore be necessary to:

Edit existing standard mass types
Create new user-defined mass types for special needs

Info

For information on how to create or edit mass types, see the section on [Cross Section Method].

Mass Types in Cross Sections¶

The table below shows an overview of predefined mass types for tunnel works:

Id	Process Code	Mass Type	Calculation Type	Balance Factor	Min. Thickness (m)
50	32.1	Tunnel Blasting	Volume	1.500
51	33.12	Tunnel Scaling	Area slope
52	33.4	Shotcrete Reinforcement	Volume		0.050
54	33.541	Extra Concrete	Volume
55	34.4	Free-standing Concrete Vault	Area slope
56	51.5	Scaling and Leveling of Subgrade	Area slope
59		Knobs	Volume

Illustrations of Mass Types¶

The following sketches illustrate the various mass types and how they are used in tunnel profiles.

Tunnel Blasting¶

This mass type is used to calculate the volume of blasted rock in a tunnel profile. Blasting volume is important for planning and cost calculation of tunnel projects.

Tip

The predefined balance factor of 1.5 takes into account the expansion of solid rock during blasting.

Illustration of tunnel blasting

Illustration: Tunnel blasting

Scaling¶

This mass type calculates the area for scaling of the tunnel surface.

Illustration of tunnel scaling

Illustration: Tunnel surface scaling marked with red line

Shotcrete Reinforcement¶

Calculates the volume of shotcrete applied to the tunnel surface with a minimum thickness of 5 cm.

Note

The minimum thickness of 5 cm is a standard value that can be adjusted in the mass type definition if needed.

Illustration of shotcrete reinforcement

Illustration: Shotcrete applied to tunnel surface with uniform thickness

Extra Concrete¶

Calculates the volume of extra concrete used for special reinforcement needs.

Illustration of extra concrete

Illustration: Extra concrete in specific areas of the tunnel profile

PE Foam with Fire Protection¶

Shows the placement and dimensioning of PE foam with fire protection in the tunnel profile.

Illustration of PE foam with fire protection

Illustration: PE foam with fire protection

Free-standing Concrete Vault¶

Calculates the area of free-standing concrete vault/wall element used as a reinforcement method.

Illustration of free-standing concrete vault

Illustration: Free-standing concrete vault

Scaling, Leveling and Adjustment of Subgrade¶

Calculates the area for scaling, leveling, and adjustment of the subgrade in the tunnel profile.

Illustration of scaling, leveling and adjustment of subgrade

Illustration: Scaling, leveling and adjustment of subgrade